# Terahertz Channel Characterization Inside the Human Skin for Nano-Scale Body-Centric Networks

Qammer H. Abbasi, Hassan El Sallabi, Nishtha Chopra, Ke Yang, Khalid Qaraqe, Akram Alomainy

Research output: Contribution to journalArticle

26 Citations (Scopus)

### Abstract

This paper focuses on the development of a novel radio channel model inside the human skin at the terahertz range, which will enable the interaction among potential nano-machines operating in the inter cellular areas of the human skin. Thorough studies are performed on the attenuation of electromagnetic waves inside the human skin, while taking into account the frequency of operation, distance between the nano-machines and number of sweat ducts. A novel channel model is presented for communication of nano-machines inside the human skin and its validation is performed by varying the aforementioned parameters with a reasonable accuracy. The statistics of error prediction between simulated and modeled data are: mean $(\mu )=\hbox{ 0.6 dB}$ and standard deviation $(\sigma )=\hbox{ 0.4 dB}$, which indicates the high accuracy of the prediction model as compared with measurement data from simulation. In addition, the results of proposed channel model are compared with terhaertz time-domain spectroscopy based measurement of skin sample and the statistics of error prediction in this case are: $\mu =\hbox{ 2.10 dB}$ and $\sigma =\hbox{ 6.23 dB}$, which also validates the accuracy of proposed model. Results in this paper highlight the issues and related challenges while characterizing the communication in such a medium, thus paving the way towards novel research activities devoted to the design and the optimization of advanced applications in the healthcare domain.

Original language English 7446338 427-434 8 IEEE Transactions on Terahertz Science and Technology 6 3 https://doi.org/10.1109/TTHZ.2016.2542213 Published - 1 May 2016

### Fingerprint

Skin
predictions
communication
sweat
Statistics
statistics
Communication
design optimization
ducts
Electromagnetic waves
Ducts
standard deviation
attenuation
Spectroscopy
optimization
spectroscopy
simulation
interactions

### Keywords

• Body-area nano network
• channel characterization
• internet of nano-things
• nanoscale communications

### ASJC Scopus subject areas

• Electrical and Electronic Engineering

### Cite this

Terahertz Channel Characterization Inside the Human Skin for Nano-Scale Body-Centric Networks. / Abbasi, Qammer H.; El Sallabi, Hassan; Chopra, Nishtha; Yang, Ke; Qaraqe, Khalid; Alomainy, Akram.

In: IEEE Transactions on Terahertz Science and Technology, Vol. 6, No. 3, 7446338, 01.05.2016, p. 427-434.

Research output: Contribution to journalArticle

title = "Terahertz Channel Characterization Inside the Human Skin for Nano-Scale Body-Centric Networks",
abstract = "This paper focuses on the development of a novel radio channel model inside the human skin at the terahertz range, which will enable the interaction among potential nano-machines operating in the inter cellular areas of the human skin. Thorough studies are performed on the attenuation of electromagnetic waves inside the human skin, while taking into account the frequency of operation, distance between the nano-machines and number of sweat ducts. A novel channel model is presented for communication of nano-machines inside the human skin and its validation is performed by varying the aforementioned parameters with a reasonable accuracy. The statistics of error prediction between simulated and modeled data are: mean $(\mu )=\hbox{ 0.6 dB}$ and standard deviation $(\sigma )=\hbox{ 0.4 dB}$, which indicates the high accuracy of the prediction model as compared with measurement data from simulation. In addition, the results of proposed channel model are compared with terhaertz time-domain spectroscopy based measurement of skin sample and the statistics of error prediction in this case are: $\mu =\hbox{ 2.10 dB}$ and $\sigma =\hbox{ 6.23 dB}$, which also validates the accuracy of proposed model. Results in this paper highlight the issues and related challenges while characterizing the communication in such a medium, thus paving the way towards novel research activities devoted to the design and the optimization of advanced applications in the healthcare domain.",
keywords = "Body-area nano network, channel characterization, internet of nano-things, nanoscale communications",
author = "Abbasi, {Qammer H.} and {El Sallabi}, Hassan and Nishtha Chopra and Ke Yang and Khalid Qaraqe and Akram Alomainy",
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AU - Abbasi, Qammer H.

AU - El Sallabi, Hassan

AU - Chopra, Nishtha

AU - Yang, Ke

AU - Qaraqe, Khalid

AU - Alomainy, Akram

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N2 - This paper focuses on the development of a novel radio channel model inside the human skin at the terahertz range, which will enable the interaction among potential nano-machines operating in the inter cellular areas of the human skin. Thorough studies are performed on the attenuation of electromagnetic waves inside the human skin, while taking into account the frequency of operation, distance between the nano-machines and number of sweat ducts. A novel channel model is presented for communication of nano-machines inside the human skin and its validation is performed by varying the aforementioned parameters with a reasonable accuracy. The statistics of error prediction between simulated and modeled data are: mean $(\mu )=\hbox{ 0.6 dB}$ and standard deviation $(\sigma )=\hbox{ 0.4 dB}$, which indicates the high accuracy of the prediction model as compared with measurement data from simulation. In addition, the results of proposed channel model are compared with terhaertz time-domain spectroscopy based measurement of skin sample and the statistics of error prediction in this case are: $\mu =\hbox{ 2.10 dB}$ and $\sigma =\hbox{ 6.23 dB}$, which also validates the accuracy of proposed model. Results in this paper highlight the issues and related challenges while characterizing the communication in such a medium, thus paving the way towards novel research activities devoted to the design and the optimization of advanced applications in the healthcare domain.

AB - This paper focuses on the development of a novel radio channel model inside the human skin at the terahertz range, which will enable the interaction among potential nano-machines operating in the inter cellular areas of the human skin. Thorough studies are performed on the attenuation of electromagnetic waves inside the human skin, while taking into account the frequency of operation, distance between the nano-machines and number of sweat ducts. A novel channel model is presented for communication of nano-machines inside the human skin and its validation is performed by varying the aforementioned parameters with a reasonable accuracy. The statistics of error prediction between simulated and modeled data are: mean $(\mu )=\hbox{ 0.6 dB}$ and standard deviation $(\sigma )=\hbox{ 0.4 dB}$, which indicates the high accuracy of the prediction model as compared with measurement data from simulation. In addition, the results of proposed channel model are compared with terhaertz time-domain spectroscopy based measurement of skin sample and the statistics of error prediction in this case are: $\mu =\hbox{ 2.10 dB}$ and $\sigma =\hbox{ 6.23 dB}$, which also validates the accuracy of proposed model. Results in this paper highlight the issues and related challenges while characterizing the communication in such a medium, thus paving the way towards novel research activities devoted to the design and the optimization of advanced applications in the healthcare domain.

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