Abstract
One of the LNG accident scenarios is the collision of an LNG carrier on an iceberg while transporting on the sea. A collision can result in damages to the vessel and lead to the leakage of contents on ice or an ice-water mixture. When cryogenic liquid comes in contact with ice, it undergoes rapid vaporization and boiling due to the difference in temperature between the ice and cryogenic liquid. This process is different from the heat transfer between water and cryogenic liquid as ice is a solid and thus heat transport to the pool occurs through the conduction. In this paper, the heat transfer phenomena between ice and cryogenic liquid hasphenomena between ice and cryogenic liquid have been studied and the boil-off rates have been quantified. A small scale experiment was conducted to investigate the heat transfer phenomenon of cryogenics released on ice. The amount of cryogenic liquid spilled was varied to determine its effect on vaporization rates and the temperature of ice was monitored. Additionally the vaporization rates were determined by direct measurement of the mass loss during the experiment. As expected, the vaporization rates were found to be a function of ice temperature and w ere f ound to be independent of time for long duration r eleas es. The one dimensional conduction model was validated against experimental results. The predicted temperatures and heat flux were found to be in good agreement with the experimental data.
| Original language | English |
|---|---|
| Title of host publication | 16th Process Plant Safety Symposium 2014, PPSS 2014 - Topical Conference at the 2014 AIChE Spring Meeting and 10th Global Congress on Process Safety |
| Publisher | AIChE |
| Pages | 494-506 |
| Number of pages | 13 |
| ISBN (Electronic) | 9781634391580 |
| Publication status | Published - 2014 |
| Event | 16th Process Plant Safety Symposium 2014, PPSS 2014 - Topical Conference at the 2014 AIChE Spring Meeting and 10th Global Congress on Process Safety - New Orleans, United States Duration: 30 Mar 2014 → 3 Apr 2014 |
Other
| Other | 16th Process Plant Safety Symposium 2014, PPSS 2014 - Topical Conference at the 2014 AIChE Spring Meeting and 10th Global Congress on Process Safety |
|---|---|
| Country | United States |
| City | New Orleans |
| Period | 30/3/14 → 3/4/14 |
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Keywords
- Conduction
- Ice
- Liquid nitrogen
- Source term
- Vaporization
ASJC Scopus subject areas
- Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering
- Safety, Risk, Reliability and Quality
Cite this
Small scale experimental study of vaporization rates of liquid nitrogen released on ice. / Gopalaswami, Nirupama; Vechot, Luc; Olewski, Tomasz; Mannan, M. Sam.
16th Process Plant Safety Symposium 2014, PPSS 2014 - Topical Conference at the 2014 AIChE Spring Meeting and 10th Global Congress on Process Safety. AIChE, 2014. p. 494-506.Research output: Chapter in Book/Report/Conference proceeding › Conference contribution
}
TY - GEN
T1 - Small scale experimental study of vaporization rates of liquid nitrogen released on ice
AU - Gopalaswami, Nirupama
AU - Vechot, Luc
AU - Olewski, Tomasz
AU - Mannan, M. Sam
PY - 2014
Y1 - 2014
N2 - One of the LNG accident scenarios is the collision of an LNG carrier on an iceberg while transporting on the sea. A collision can result in damages to the vessel and lead to the leakage of contents on ice or an ice-water mixture. When cryogenic liquid comes in contact with ice, it undergoes rapid vaporization and boiling due to the difference in temperature between the ice and cryogenic liquid. This process is different from the heat transfer between water and cryogenic liquid as ice is a solid and thus heat transport to the pool occurs through the conduction. In this paper, the heat transfer phenomena between ice and cryogenic liquid hasphenomena between ice and cryogenic liquid have been studied and the boil-off rates have been quantified. A small scale experiment was conducted to investigate the heat transfer phenomenon of cryogenics released on ice. The amount of cryogenic liquid spilled was varied to determine its effect on vaporization rates and the temperature of ice was monitored. Additionally the vaporization rates were determined by direct measurement of the mass loss during the experiment. As expected, the vaporization rates were found to be a function of ice temperature and w ere f ound to be independent of time for long duration r eleas es. The one dimensional conduction model was validated against experimental results. The predicted temperatures and heat flux were found to be in good agreement with the experimental data.
AB - One of the LNG accident scenarios is the collision of an LNG carrier on an iceberg while transporting on the sea. A collision can result in damages to the vessel and lead to the leakage of contents on ice or an ice-water mixture. When cryogenic liquid comes in contact with ice, it undergoes rapid vaporization and boiling due to the difference in temperature between the ice and cryogenic liquid. This process is different from the heat transfer between water and cryogenic liquid as ice is a solid and thus heat transport to the pool occurs through the conduction. In this paper, the heat transfer phenomena between ice and cryogenic liquid hasphenomena between ice and cryogenic liquid have been studied and the boil-off rates have been quantified. A small scale experiment was conducted to investigate the heat transfer phenomenon of cryogenics released on ice. The amount of cryogenic liquid spilled was varied to determine its effect on vaporization rates and the temperature of ice was monitored. Additionally the vaporization rates were determined by direct measurement of the mass loss during the experiment. As expected, the vaporization rates were found to be a function of ice temperature and w ere f ound to be independent of time for long duration r eleas es. The one dimensional conduction model was validated against experimental results. The predicted temperatures and heat flux were found to be in good agreement with the experimental data.
KW - Conduction
KW - Ice
KW - Liquid nitrogen
KW - Source term
KW - Vaporization
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=84910611593&partnerID=8YFLogxK
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/citedby.url?scp=84910611593&partnerID=8YFLogxK
M3 - Conference contribution
AN - SCOPUS:84910611593
SP - 494
EP - 506
BT - 16th Process Plant Safety Symposium 2014, PPSS 2014 - Topical Conference at the 2014 AIChE Spring Meeting and 10th Global Congress on Process Safety
PB - AIChE
ER -