Abstract
This paper presents a system-on-chip passive RFID tag with an embedded temperature sensor for the EPC Gen-2 protocol in the 900-MHz UHF frequency band. A dual-path clock generator is proposed to support both applications with either very accurate link frequency or very low power consumption. On-chip temperature sensing is accomplished with a time-readout scheme to reduce the power consumption. Moreover, a gain-compensation technique is proposed to reduce the temperature sensing error due to process variations by using the same bandgap reference of the tag to generate bias currents for both the current-to-digital converter and the clock generator of the sensor. Also integrated is a 128-bit one-time-programmable (OTP) memory array based on gate-oxide antifuse without extra mask steps. Fabricated in a standard 0.18- μm CMOS process with analog options, the 1.1-mm2 tag chip is bonded onto an antenna using flip-chip technology to realize a complete tag inlay, which is successfully demonstrated and evaluated in real-time wireless communications with commercial RFID readers. The tag inlay achieves a sensitivity of -6 dBm and a sensing inaccuracy of ±0.8° C (σ inaccuracy) over operating temperature range from -20°C to 30°C with one-point calibration.
| Original language | English |
|---|---|
| Article number | 5593894 |
| Pages (from-to) | 2404-2420 |
| Number of pages | 17 |
| Journal | IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits |
| Volume | 45 |
| Issue number | 11 |
| DOIs | |
| Publication status | Published - Nov 2010 |
| Externally published | Yes |
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Keywords
- clock
- energy harvesting
- injection-locked
- low power
- passive tag
- Radio-frequency identification
- RFID
- system-on-chip
- temperature sensor
ASJC Scopus subject areas
- Electrical and Electronic Engineering
Cite this
A system-on-chip EPC Gen-2 passive UHF RFID tag with embedded temperature sensor. / Yin, Jun; Yi, Jun; Law, Man Kay; Ling, Yunxiao; Lee, Man Chiu; Ng, Kwok Ping; Gao, Bo; Luong, Howard C.; Bermak, Amine; Chan, Mansun; Ki, Wing Hung; Tsui, Chi Ying; Yuen, Matthew.
In: IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits, Vol. 45, No. 11, 5593894, 11.2010, p. 2404-2420.Research output: Contribution to journal › Article
}
TY - JOUR
T1 - A system-on-chip EPC Gen-2 passive UHF RFID tag with embedded temperature sensor
AU - Yin, Jun
AU - Yi, Jun
AU - Law, Man Kay
AU - Ling, Yunxiao
AU - Lee, Man Chiu
AU - Ng, Kwok Ping
AU - Gao, Bo
AU - Luong, Howard C.
AU - Bermak, Amine
AU - Chan, Mansun
AU - Ki, Wing Hung
AU - Tsui, Chi Ying
AU - Yuen, Matthew
PY - 2010/11
Y1 - 2010/11
N2 - This paper presents a system-on-chip passive RFID tag with an embedded temperature sensor for the EPC Gen-2 protocol in the 900-MHz UHF frequency band. A dual-path clock generator is proposed to support both applications with either very accurate link frequency or very low power consumption. On-chip temperature sensing is accomplished with a time-readout scheme to reduce the power consumption. Moreover, a gain-compensation technique is proposed to reduce the temperature sensing error due to process variations by using the same bandgap reference of the tag to generate bias currents for both the current-to-digital converter and the clock generator of the sensor. Also integrated is a 128-bit one-time-programmable (OTP) memory array based on gate-oxide antifuse without extra mask steps. Fabricated in a standard 0.18- μm CMOS process with analog options, the 1.1-mm2 tag chip is bonded onto an antenna using flip-chip technology to realize a complete tag inlay, which is successfully demonstrated and evaluated in real-time wireless communications with commercial RFID readers. The tag inlay achieves a sensitivity of -6 dBm and a sensing inaccuracy of ±0.8° C (σ inaccuracy) over operating temperature range from -20°C to 30°C with one-point calibration.
AB - This paper presents a system-on-chip passive RFID tag with an embedded temperature sensor for the EPC Gen-2 protocol in the 900-MHz UHF frequency band. A dual-path clock generator is proposed to support both applications with either very accurate link frequency or very low power consumption. On-chip temperature sensing is accomplished with a time-readout scheme to reduce the power consumption. Moreover, a gain-compensation technique is proposed to reduce the temperature sensing error due to process variations by using the same bandgap reference of the tag to generate bias currents for both the current-to-digital converter and the clock generator of the sensor. Also integrated is a 128-bit one-time-programmable (OTP) memory array based on gate-oxide antifuse without extra mask steps. Fabricated in a standard 0.18- μm CMOS process with analog options, the 1.1-mm2 tag chip is bonded onto an antenna using flip-chip technology to realize a complete tag inlay, which is successfully demonstrated and evaluated in real-time wireless communications with commercial RFID readers. The tag inlay achieves a sensitivity of -6 dBm and a sensing inaccuracy of ±0.8° C (σ inaccuracy) over operating temperature range from -20°C to 30°C with one-point calibration.
KW - clock
KW - energy harvesting
KW - injection-locked
KW - low power
KW - passive tag
KW - Radio-frequency identification
KW - RFID
KW - system-on-chip
KW - temperature sensor
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=78049302565&partnerID=8YFLogxK
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/citedby.url?scp=78049302565&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1109/JSSC.2010.2072631
DO - 10.1109/JSSC.2010.2072631
M3 - Article
VL - 45
SP - 2404
EP - 2420
JO - IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits
JF - IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits
SN - 0018-9200
IS - 11
M1 - 5593894
ER -